We use industry valuation differentials across European countries to study the impact of membership in the European Union as well as the Eurozone on economic and financial integration. In integrated markets, discount rates and expected growth opportunities should be similar within one industry,...

With hindsight the debate over whether Europe constitutes an optimal currency area overlooked the elephant in the room. Following Robert Mundell’s considerations, the expert debate in the 1990s focused on the question of whether Europe’s capital and labor markets were sufficiently integrated...