firm owners are optimistic regarding their expected business development before state elections. After state elections … optimistic prior to state elections because politicians promised individual policies to gratify the firms’ needs during election … times. Firms might be disappointed after elections as the promises made during election campaigns by politicians turn out to …

voting declined significantly in scandal districts. Quite the contrary, voter turnout and postal voting increased slightly by …We examine whether local inconsistencies in the counting of votes influence voting behavior. We exploit the case of the … comparing election outcomes from the regular and the repeated round. The results do not show that voter turnout and postal …

than in other years, indicating that perceived corruption in the public sector increased before elections. The effect is … especially pronounced before early elections (1.0 points) compared to regular elections (0.4 points). Future research needs to … investigate why perceived corruption in the public sector increased before elections. …

decline in voter turnout in state elections is rather short-living. This suggests that while voters may initially react to …Do changes in public infrastructure impact voter turnout? After reunification numerous high schools have been closed in … decline in voter turnout in the following state election, suggesting a sense of resignation among voters. However, this effect …

several other Western countries. We estimate the impact of immigration on voting for far-left and far-right parties in France …, using panel data on presidential elections from 1988 to 2012. To derive causal estimates, we instrument more recent … no robust effect on far-left voting. The increased support for far-right candidates is driven by low-skilled immigrants …

engaged in creativeaccounting before regular elections so as to sugarcoat the budget balance. I also providean overview of …

discipline their representatives through referenda that countered the results of voting by political representatives. …