, there is little reliable evidence on how the inclusion of such non-cash income actually affects poverty and inequality … and poverty rates by almost one-third. However, adjusting for differences in needs for public services across population … subgroups offsets about half the inequality reduction and some of the poverty decrease. …

Using data from the German SOEP, this paper analyses whether there have been (a) any significant changes in poverty … rates and poverty intensities before and after the Hartz IV reforms and (b) whether there have been observable changes in … the effect of employment in reducing the threat or intensity of poverty. Using multivariate analyses we can find no …

%. Poverty also affects other forms of economic and social functioning. The measurement of poverty is based on the notion of … poverty line, which is constructed from monetary estimates of minimum needs. Poverty is highly correlated with the lack of … education, and there is an intimate connection between nutrition and poverty. The measurement of inequality is a highly …

, there is little reliable evidence on how the inclusion of such non-cash income actually affects poverty and inequality … and poverty rates by almost one-third. However, adjusting for differences in needs for public services across population … subgroups offsets about half the inequality reduction and some of the poverty decrease. …

and childcare on estimates of income inequality and financial poverty in 23 European countries. The valuation of public … scale). Even though the ranking of countries by estimates of overall inequality and poverty proves to be only slightly … affected by the choice between the conventional EU scale and the NA scale, poverty estimates by household types are shown to be …

two alternatives for mitigating them: an unconditional cash transfer scheme for households living in poverty, and the … of poverty. …

, education and childcare expenditure on estimates of income inequality and poverty for 24 European countries. The empirical … results show significant effects of public in-kind transfers on the level of income inequality and poverty for all countries …. Over the period 2006-2018, inequality and poverty estimates display rather different trends across European countries. …

poverty, based on 1990s data for a sample of rural and urban sectors of African economies. Using the basic needs approach, an … analysis-of-covariance model is derived and estimated, with the headcount, gap and squared gap poverty ratios serving as the … the responsiveness of poverty to income growth is a decreasing function of inequality, albeit at varying rates for the …