firms tend to choose locations that are symmetric around the point of highest density, and there can be no agglomeration. …

estimate how agglomeration and congestion effects have changed between 1972 and 1992. Non-service sectors are found to be …

Consider an urban economy with two types of externalities, negative traffic congestion externalities and positive … agglomeration externalities deriving from non-market interaction. Suppose that urban travel can be tolled, that non … toll is below the congestion externality cost. This paper explores this line of reasoning. …

Traffic congestion alleviation has long been a common core transport policy objective, but it remains unclear under … (2001 to 2007). Using instrumental variables, results suggest that congestion slows job growth above thresholds of … congestion-induced travel delay impeding productivity growth. Results suggest that the strict policy focus on travel time savings …

agglomeration externalities. We extend this model by introducing a traffic congestion externality. We show that congestion induces a … interplay between these externalities is then demonstrated, as reduced congestion leads to commercial concentration and … agglomeration gains. …