An optimal income appropriation policy for a co-operativeThe income (after interest payable, except on deferred bonuses and before taxation) can be appropriated in three different ways (different combinations are possible), i.e. the payment of cash bonuses, the declaration of deferred bonuses,...

Converting co-operatives to companies: A consideration The change in the Income Tax Act in 1977 resulted in co-operatives becoming tax liable from 1 April 1977. In addition, the Co-operatives Act of 1981 resulted in additional restrictions for co-operatives. Consequently certain important...

This article covers a financial evaluation of 31 representative agricultural co-operatives. Although the ratio of the members' interest to the total assets remained reasonably constant during the study period, the share capital and reserves decreased relatively to the total assets. According to...

This article covers an analysis of capital formation of 31 representative agricultural cooperatives and follows on a previous article which covered their financial situation for the period 1975 - 1985. Concerning the capital formation, it appears that share capital did not play a major part as a...