Empirical evidence suggests that increased democracy reduces pollution. Using a median-voter model (where a … income differs from the effect of a change in the economy-wide productivity in the determination of pollution. We find that a … democratization reform that brings poorer groups into the franchise leads to lower pollution only if the elasticity of the marginal …

emissions tax. It also considers two forms of endogenous technical change, pollution-reducing knowledge and horizontal …

A simple static model incorporating a variety of environmental pollution is developed. An autarky model shows that a … developing country regulates fewer types of pollution by income-induced environmental policy. As income grows, the types of … regulated pollution increase and also introduced regulations become tougher.Then the model incorporates international trade …