This paper discusses the development of public expenditure in the Netherlands since 1850. Why did public expenditure increase from 14% GDP in 1850, nearly 20% in 1921, 30% GDP in 1950 and over 60% GDP in 1983? Dutch public expenditure has fallen to less than 50% GDP in 2003. Why did this...

Most developing and underdeveloped countries beside Sudan suffer from the low levels of income in addition to the low savings that are result from the lack of sophisticated savings channels. Hence, the investment depends on the individual's abilities on self savings, where the investment is...

The purpose of this research is to test and evaluate the crowding-out effect of the investment expenditure in public sector on the investment effort by private sector by using data from Moroccan Economy. After the theoretical background of crowding-out effects in many domains of investment, we...

This Paper conducts on a simulation to estimate the administrative investment necessary for maintaining and updating the infrastructure of present-day Japanese Prefectures. The field of the analyzed infrastructure is four fields (the road, water service, drainage, and the trash disposal...

Cieľom tohto článku je porovnať investičnú atraktívnosť štátov v regióne strednej a východnej Európy z hľadiska stavu dopravnej a informačnej infraštruktúry. Je možné konštatovať všeobecné zaostávanie za priemyselne vyspelými štátmi, rozdiely sú však zjavné aj v...

English version of this paper can be found at 'http://ssrn.com/abstract=2435295' http://ssrn.com/abstract=2435295Dutch Abstract: de combinatie van weg en dijk bespaart kosten, en genereert tegelijkertijd nieuwe bronnen van inkomsten. Als gevolg hoeft de functie van waterkering geen extra risico...

Arabic Abstract: إن صيغ المشاركة في الإيراد (المبيعات أو الناتج) هي امتدادٌ لعقود المزارعة والمساقاة والمغارسة المطبقة من قديم في الفقه الإسلامي. وعلى الرغم من دورها...

The purpose of this research is to test and evaluate the crowding-out effect of the investment expenditure in public sector on the investment effort by private sector by using data from Moroccan Economy. After the theoretical background of crowding-out effects in many domains of investment, we...

We study the causal relation between private wealth and retirement age. We propose two estimation strategies based on expected retirement age. The outcome variable is observed repeatedly over time. We correct first for the unobserved heterogeneity in the disutility of work by using panel data...