We assess the effects on trade balance of a temporary fiscal devaluation enacted by Spain or Portugal by simulating EAGLE, a large-scale multi-country dynamic general equilibrium model of the euro area. Social contributions paid by firms are reduced by 1 percent of GDP for four years and are...

This paper employs fifteen dynamic macroeconomic models maintained within the European System of Central Banks to assess the size of fiscal multipliers in European countries. Using a set of common simulations, we consider transitory and permanent shocks to government expenditures and different...

We review the debate on the monetary and fiscal policy measures that were adopted in response to the pandemic shock in advanced economies, as well as others that could be taken in the near future, once the health emergency is over. The pandemic is an exceptional global health shock, which has...