This paper evaluates the temporary VAT reduction invoked by the German government over the third and fourth quarter of 2020 as part of the COVID-19 stimulus package. There is considerable controversy. Critics argue that VAT reductions are ineffective in the presence of lockdown measures in place...

The article deals with the problem of West European and Nordic countries small economies as well as ultra-small autonomous territories of Alands and Faeroes island's development. The latter are considered as the <<competitive sub-peripheries> areas due to the special industrial organization development, stimulated by the...</<competitive>

This paper investigates the effects of economic policy on regional specialization of China's high-tech industries for the period 1996 to 2005. Results indicate that the average level of regional specialization increases over years. Moreover, high-tech industry sector is highly localized in...

This paper is devoted to the debate on economic development in Russia after the abolition of serfdom in 1861 and focuses on the contribution of Yuli Zhukovsky, a self-taught economist. Based on his interpretation of western ideas, he saw material conditions as the crucial factor of economic...

The City of Batumi, Georgia had suffered from a complete disintegration in public transport after the collapse of the Soviet Union in the 1990s. However, recently the city has undergone a revival period that has seen investment in all municipal sectors, including public transport. The...