windfall income (restricted windfall income) as a substitute for the more conventional household income monetary measure …. Results provide no evidence against the exogeneity of restricted windfall income and indicate that the causal effect of income … windfall income is used. Further research should be devoted to looking into the presence and size of measurement errors in …

are only slightly more likely to cease car ownership than middle-aged households. Households with higher income are less … likely to cease car ownership then lower income households and more likely to increase their car ownership. Permanent income …, defined as the average income over the period, has a larger positive impact on car ownership than current income. …

implications is whether the income of others in the same geographic area is associated with individuals' SWB. The association could … be positive if people benefit from the improved resources, amenities, and social capital in high-income areas. The … significant ways. First, this study examines whether the effect of the average income in a geographic area (locality income) on …

) over the 1980 to 2000 period. Incomes increased at both the top and bottom of the income distribution, but tended to rise …The report examines income and low income in census metropolitan areas between 1980 and 2000. It examines the situation … and lone-parent family members. Median pre-tax income rose in virtually all Canadian census metropolitan areas (CMAs …