by falling poverty and fairly stable, or even declining, income inequality. Subsequently, from about the mid-1970s … onwards, a cumulative process of non-farm diversification took hold, and was accompanied by further growth and poverty decline … growth in inequality and has played a particularly pronounced role in reducing poverty. …

, education and childcare expenditure on estimates of income inequality and poverty for 24 European countries. The empirical … results show significant effects of public in-kind transfers on the level of income inequality and poverty for all countries …. Over the period 2006–2018, inequality and poverty estimates display rather different trends across European countries. …