This paper discusses the merits and limits of the recent European energy policy aimed at reducing carbon emissions, devoting particular attention to the European trading system of carbon permits and to the measures that the European Union has adopted to promote renewable energy sources. From the...

Drawing from a broad range of sources, we define and discuss the two primary ways of contemplating issues related to environmental economics, namely, interventionism and libertarianism. We then interpret a cellular automaton as a model that allows for either approach, as well as anarchy, and...

China has embarked on an ambitious and unprecedented programme of energy reform and climate change mitigation. Yet the motivations for this important shift remain unclear. This paper surveys key central government documents and articles by China's leading energy academics to investigate the...

The present guidelines outline the criteria for eligibility and aim to provide clear and quantitative minimum performance criteria (MPC) deemed necessary for the IDB to support fossil fuel power plant projects. In addition, they provide guidance on assessing and reducing greenhouse gas (GHG)...

This paper outlines how the evolution of China’s policy and study of the environment are reflected in the scholarly literature, paying special attention to the impact of the country’s environmental developments on international relations. In particular, it examines accounts of how China has...

The objective of this Technical Note is to describe the necessary Bank requirements for the content and disclosure of Environmental and Social Impact Assessments (ESIAs), with a focus on the particular issues related to cement plants. This Technical Note is a basic document and is designed to...

There is a time during which aggregate benefits from greenhouse gas emissions dominate costs, but less comfort should be drawn from this situation than current emphasis on double CO2 scenarios suggests. The intertemporal asymmetry of impacts means initial benefits to most regions, from slight...