We examine some controversial country-specific factors influencing vertical and horizontal intra-industry trade including foreign direct investment and income distributions. As concerns, the effect of differences in countries’ levels of economic development (richness), both theories and...

This article compares today's euro-zone debt crisis, in terms of economic diplomacy, with the earlier crisis in Latin America. Four features served to reconcile the tensions and resolve the 1980s' crisis. A balance was preserved between debtor countries and creditor banks. Though initially...

This paper attempts to cast light on the main principles of the industrial restructuring agreements (crisis cartels) from a European perspective. For this purpose, I will explore the basic fundamentals of theory of harm concerning the formation of cartels during economic downturn in specific...