Under-employment or informality is a compelling truth in developing countries, and Ecuador is no exception, least of … all the city Guayaquil. This descriptive study attempts to investigate informality, its reality and characteristics, and … influence the non-formalization of its activities. The results support that informality may be seen as an enterprise mechanism …

of informality were used, the official (DANE) and one based on social security (Pensions). Based on these, informal … searching increases this likelihood. As part of policy recommendations to reduce the incidence of informality in the Caribbean …