well-researched schism between strategic management and financial theory. Options theory provides a potent tool to resolve … that embedded options typically serve as hedging instruments for real options which enhances their value and should be a …

This paper presents the basics of the Transaction cost theory (TCT) and shows it's contribution to the Theory of the … TCT mainly by O. E. Williamson. The theory is based on asset specificity. The formal model with the human asset …

Hedging strategies represent basic instrument used toward eliminating financial risk. Increasing volatility of … select hedging strategies. Five basic hedging strategies ? delta hedging, minimum variance, minimum value at risk, maximum … and commodity-risk hedging are described. Several applications are suitable for small open economies that lack liquid …

and of the decision- making rule for investments, particular states where risk management may add value are analyzed. An …