Income valuation is a fundamental valuation approach. One question still open is the discount rate calculation. One factor impacting the discount rate is a capital structure. Nevertheless, the structure has to be in market values. It means that the knowledge of the result is a precondition for...

The aim of the paper is to set the agency problem into a broad context of New Institutional Economics with an emphasis on historical connections. In the first section, I explain the historical evolution of basic theoretical concepts like the theory of firm, the theory of market process and the...