Panel data are a result of repeating observations of a group of units, e.g. households, firms, but also whole economies with some common characteristics as EU15, transition economies a . s. o. So, more details are available enabling to analyze a changing economic structure and its reasoning....

Panel data are specific data where cases are observed at two or more time periods. This approach brings many advantages: larger dataset, decreasing collinearity between exogenous variables and using advanced econometric models. The panel data models were applied to data from the Household Budget...

Panel data are increasingly being used in both macro- and micro-level studies of economic problems. Macro-panel data (i denotes countries) are characteristic by sufficiently long time series to be able to analyze panel spurious regression and panel cointegration. According to the main stream of...

We consider two markets in our model: wholesale, where producers' supply interacts with distributors' demand, and retail with distributors' supply and consumers' demand. The wholesale market determines the producer price index (PPI), production and indirectly also employment. In the retail...

The paper is the first part of a broader empirical study that considers the entry timing of accession economies into the eurozone and their exchange-rate regimes between the EU entry and prior to the eurozone entry. The presented empirical analysis is based on model simulations and on the...

The paper presents a shortened version of Finance Minister Jiri Rusnok’s addresses to the lower house of the Czech Parliament in which he sketched the main macroeconomic, political and financial assumptions of the government’s 2002 state budget proposal. As the government’s proposal was...

The paper presents a shortened version of Finance Minister Bohuslav Sobotka's addresses to the lower house of the Czech Parliament in which he sketched the main macroeconomic, political and financial assumptions of the government's 2003 state budget proposal.

Finance Minister Pavel Mertlík outlined the principles of 2001 state budget. First he analysed the macroeconomic conditions that influence the state budget ? expected inflation rate, GDP growth the rate of unemployment. Further affecting the state budget arithmetic are the exchange rate of the...

Starting from endogenous growth models we test the impacts of both taxes (distortionary and non-distortionary) and expenditures (taking into account economic and functional classification of general government expenditure) using the government constraint. We do not neglect the implicit financing...