deflation are defined in this article as changes in the purchasing power of money caused by the money creation. Inflation and … deflation are potentially graver. In the contemporary two-tier banking system the money issue and circulation cannot be fully … backed by gold or by other bank reserves, and so monetary policy should be primarily oriented to the quality of money, i …

The article provides a general description of the world money development in both developed and developing countries … during the second half of 20th century. We were primarily focusing on the long run trends in dollar gold prices, monetary … aggregates (broad and narrow money), foreign exchange reserves, inflation and interest rates. We found that after relatively …

argue against the opinion that money in their cash form (i.e. notes and coins) will seize to exist within the horizon of …