chain. This study aims at creating conceptual framework for measuring innovation in services and for identifying different … innovation patterns in service sector. The need for the concept of innovation patterns in services results firstly from the … different character of the innovation process in services and in manufacturing and secondly from the high degree of …

carrot and monitoring as a stick. These two instruments can be mutually substitutable. The more costly the supervision is … individual employee is not only the labour productivity, which is usually considered, but the degree of monitoring costs as well …