The essay is the contribution to analysis of the determination and addition of the utility. There are shown the contradictions between quantitative and qualitative thinking about the problems of utility for the individual and for multitude people in society. In this interpretation rised also the...

Learning process is a new approach of filling the gap between adaptive expectations and rational expectations. Private agents are learning new information and adjust their expectation about the inflation and output gap. Central bank transparency is one of the key factors of learning by private...