Hedging strategies represent basic instrument used toward eliminating financial risk. Increasing volatility of … select hedging strategies. Five basic hedging strategies ? delta hedging, minimum variance, minimum value at risk, maximum … portfolios consisting of risk assets (share, bond, commodity price, and exchange rate) and hedged assets (financial derivative …

household debt has increased in the past five years. The empirical analysis presented in the paper is based on the Life Cycle/Permanent-Income … have a significant impact on household consumption, and that consumption is acutely sensitive to disposable income. Our … inflation level, growth of real disposable income, and low interest rates support household credit growth. …

income hypothesis of consumer behavior. Voucher privatization (the mass privatization of state-owned assets through publicly … offered vouchers) led to an unexpected increase in the wealth of the Czech citizenry. According to the permanent income … hypothesis, this additional and unexpected income should not be instantly consumed. This hypothesis is tested using data from a …

vary. The paper contributes to this economic theory by the empirical analysis carried out with a large sample of countries … fundamental equilibrium exchange rate theory. …

probability if its survival. Universities are threatened on the one hand by insufficient income and on the other hand by escape of …