Over the past few years, the Value at Risk indicator (VaR) has evolved, without doubt, into the most frequently used comprehensive tool for assessment of potential losses caused by adverse changes in market rates. However, the common models used for VaR assessment are based only on mid prices...

Income valuation is a fundamental valuation approach. One question still open is the discount rate calculation. One factor impacting the discount rate is a capital structure. Nevertheless, the structure has to be in market values. It means that the knowledge of the result is a precondition for...

A comparison of the conceptual frameworks underlying International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS / IAS) and American Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (US GAAP) reveals a striking theoretical similarity between the two. Unfortunately, this similarity is masked by an even more...

The paper describes the IFAC Education Committee effort to develop new International Education Standards for Professional Accountants. It informs about the structure and content of International Education Standards and it defines the principle standard requirements. The end of the paper is...

The ordering a categorization of data in the income statement is unavoidable. Even in the absence of clearly identified subtotals, there is some form of implicit structure in any income statement. An immediate difficulty, however, is that attempts to define income statement categories can be...

Financial accounting has been playing an important role in the economic system in the USA, since it has been supporting an effective operation of capital market, and consequently of whole economy. Its main task is to provide reliable accounting information about accounting entity to its users...