Estimation of volatility of financial time series plays a crucial role in pricing derivatives. Volatility is often … estimated from historical data; however, it is well known that volatility varies in time. We propose a method to choose a … suitable length of historical data to estimate contemporary volatility. The method is based on adaptation of a procedure used …

depends on the same parameters, which are inputs of NPV method. Additional important parameter is volatility as a measure of … flexibility and surrounding volatility. The best benefits these methods bring when NPV is near to zero. The main areas of their …

everywhere, every company has the flexibility, but its value depends on volatility. It order to utilize it some selection is … decisions at high certainty or at risk with zero volatility, where the option value is close to zero. Real options give some …