The embryonically conceived vision for a free Europe as an inevitable premise to strengthen the modern civilization has been deeply rooted in the European unification as a powerful historical urge, deriving from the structural and irreversible crisis of European nation-states. The unification of...

What did classical liberal thinkers contribute to the theoretical underpinnings of the European unification project? This paper examines works by Luigi Einaudi, Friedrich A. von Hayek and Wilhelm Röpke, attempting to understand to what extent the nineteenth-century pacifist tradition of...

This chapter draws on the previous contributions in this volume to consider the intellectual origins of European integration. First, it analyses the many changes in, and responses to, the operation of "the state" wrought by the First World War and the calamities that followed. In this period,...