Alesina, Alberto F.; Glaeser, Edward L.; Sacerdote, Bruce - 2003
that redistribution is a function of the variance and skewness of the pre-tax income distribution, the volatility of income … these factors appear to explain the differences between the US and Europe. Instead, the differences appear to be the result … of racial heterogeneity in the US and American political institutions. Racial animosity in the US makes redistribution to …