We analyze how leniency affects cartel pricing in an infinitely-repeated oligopoly model where the fine rates are … we focus on the worst possible outcome. We investigate the maximal cartel price, the largest price for which the … conditions for sustainability hold. We analyze how the maximal cartel price supported by different cartel strategies adjusts in …

In this paper we set out the welfare economics based case for imposing cartel penalties on the cartel overcharge rather … of a penalty based on the cartel overcharge with three other penalty regimes: fixed penalties; penalties based on revenue … conjunction with the above result, our analysis of cartel stability (and thus deterrence), shows that penalties based on the …

) actions that aim to stop cartel activity in the short-term, immediately following successful prosecution; (c) actions that aim … pricing and periods of cartel pricing. We determine the impact of CA activity on deterred, impeded, and suffered harm. We … show how these break down into measures of the Direct Effect of interventions (i.e. the effect due to cartel activity being …