Background: The paper examines the convergence of household expenditures, in terms of a possible usage of the standardized, rather than consumer-tailored marketing, mainly on a regional level. Objectives: The main goal of this research is to study the existence of consumption expenditure...

Comparing domestic- and foreign-owned firms in Germany, this paper finds that foreign-owned firms are more likely to focus on short-term profit. This influence is particularly strong if the local managers of the German subsidiary are not sent from the foreign parent company. Moreover, the...

Do knowledge externalities from FDI foster local innovative performance? Employing manufacturing data for the period 2001–2006 this paper investigates the impact of inward FDI on the generation of innovation. Adopting a Knowledge Production Function approach (KPF), we find that in the case of...