The pandemic has accelerated the digital transition in many countries. This Economic Memo finds that the degree of digitalisation has had an impact on the magnitude of economic losses during the pandemic. Differences in the EU countries' objectives for digital transition can imply greater...

The working paper investigates the relationship between export performance and wage competitiveness in the manufacturing sector. Analyses in the paper show that among industrialised countries for the period since 1995 countries with the greatest deterioration in wage competitiveness have also...