Routine action', a form to take action, is widely accepted in the economic field, because of its resource saving effect which contributes to average cost degression. However, from an entropic point of view, each form of acting requires decision making in regard to consumption of resources and...

The present discussion concerning road pricing aims predominantly on modal-shift due to concentrating on distance- and vehicle-type-dependent road toll. Thus, a regulating effect on equal distribution of the transport volume in freight-transit has been neglected widely. Here we present a...