In the past, many WTO member states have liberalized their trade policies unilaterally. However, they were decreasingly … development by resorting to three political economy arguments pro multilateral binding: the terms of trade externality argument … finally the argument that trade policies are instruments for general political targets. For all three arguments, it is shown …

American importers have borne the brunt of the tariffs’ costs. In the short run, apparently American importers had little … choice but to continue to rely on Chinese suppliers. Moreover, improvements in the bilateral trade deficit could not be … ascribed to a targeted tariff policy. Nor did manufacturers relocate to the U. S. Instead, trade frictions depressed U. S …

. The history of US trade policy shows that many Democrats, as US presidents, have succeeded in accelerating the trade … example with regard to the design of global trade rules. But even during the election campaign, the political discourse … clearly showed that the change in power will change the tone of trade policy, but less so the direction. On the one hand …

in den Lieferketten und Versorgungsengpässe gemacht. Es handelt sich also um einen Trade-off zwischen niedrigeren Preisen … Wertschöpfungsketten liegt zuerst in der Hand der Unternehmen, die den Trade-off neu bewerten müssen und negative Externalitäten stärker … is a trade-off between low prices of preliminary products and the increased risk of being dependent on global supply …

and trade policy, concrete effects are to be expected, which are of great importance to Europe. With regard toclimate …. In trade policy, too, a new government would bring changes, although the Democrats' platformis strongly protectionist …. The trade conflict with China would remain critical, but the approach towards Europe could become more cooperative …

population. Even though the EU still trades with significantly more democracies than autocracies, trade relations with … impose trade restrictions than democracies, means that the EU needs a strategy for how to handle trade with autocratic …

Since states have been fighting for power, they have used economic tactics in addition to military ones. Such trade … justify these interventions in free trade. Companies do not internalise power-political effects, therefore states should …

The theory of strategic trade policy came into being in the early 1980s. It addressed the question of how a country can … rea-sons that justify government intervention in foreign trade: Cluster risks in importing raw materials and intermediate … trade policy interventions, i.e. subsidies, investment controls and trade restrictions, to name only the most important ones. …

Eine zentrale vertretende These der Ökonomie lautet: Die Aufhebung von Beschränkungen im Handel und Kapitalverkehr … europäische Integrationsprojekt basiert mit dem Binnenmarktprogramm und den vertraglich abgesicherten vier Freiheiten, für Handel …

von Standards führt zu mehr Handel als Harmonisierung von Standards, wenn Konsumenten die Produktvielfalt wichtig ist und …