May of 2020. We document large employment losses during the lockdown, especially in "quarantined" sectors and non …-essential sectors that do not allow for remote work. Employment losses were mostly temporary, and hit lower-educated workers …

The share of single mothers is higher in East Germany than in West Germany. Using data from the Socio-Economic Panel … of couples with minor children. Women in East Germany have both a higher probability of out-of-partnership birth and a … East and West Germany. The differences in single motherhood appear to be rather driven by cultural and economic factors. …

We evaluate the effect of a 2003 reform in the Spanish income tax on fertility and the employment of mothers with small … (by almost five percent) and the employment rate of mothers with children under three (by two percent). These effects were … earlier reform that increased child deductions in 1999. We find that the child deductions affect mothers' employment …

We evaluate the effect of a 2003 reform in the Spanish income tax on fertility and the employment of mothers with small … (by almost five percent) and the employment rate of mothers with children under three (by two percent). These effects were … earlier reform that increased child deductions in 1999. We find that the child deductions affect mothers' employment …

This paper studies the relationship between parental employment and time with children in Spain. We find large … significant differences in quality primary childcare across employment status. Furthermore, the results indicate that more …

subsidized child care in Spain in the early 1990s, addressing the impact on mothers' short- and long-run employment outcomes (up …-targeting of this child-care expansion, our estimates show that the policy led to a sizable increase in employment (8%), and hours … employment quickly fade away among those without a high-school degree. These findings are consistent with the program reducing …

subsidized child care in Spain in the early 1990s, addressing the impact on mothers' short- and long-run employment outcomes (up …-targeting of this child-care expansion, our estimates show that the policy led to a sizable increase in employment (8%), and hours … employment quickly fade away among those without a high-school degree. These findings are consistent with the program reducing …