Parameter estimation is one of the central issues in neural spatial interaction modelling. Current practice is dominated by gradient based local minimization techniques. They find local minima efficiently and work best in unimodal minimization problems, but can get trapped in multimodal...

The recent growth in foreign direct investment (FDI) has led to a proliferation of scholarly efforts to analyse the various dimensions of this phenomenon. Two main streams of research have emerged in the literature. The first analyses the economic effects of FDI inflows in the economy of the...

This paper focuses on Austrian outbound foreign direct investment (FDI, measured by sales of Austrian affiliates abroad) in Europe over the period 2009–2013, using a spatial Durbin panel data model specification with fixed effects, and a spatial weight matrix based on the first-order...

This paper provides some evidence on the importance of geographically mediated knowledge spillovers from university research activities to regional knowledge production in high-technology industries in Austria. Spillovers occur because knowledge created by universities has some of the...