This study proposes a consistent definition of natural disaster damage costs, i.e., equivalently, of natural disaster prevention benefits in accordance with general definition of benefits, Willingness to Pay, more concretely, Equivalent Variation, of any policy such as tax reforms,...

Using quarterly data of 58 countries, this paper provides empirical evidence that mobile phone diffusion from 2007 to 2009 is positively influenced by international network effects. Direct and indirect network effects are a result of the international standadization of telecommunication...