The ibiCash Protocol serves as a mechanism for encapsulating the time value of forests within a currency made up of units which represent the intangible value of 1 hectare of standing forest for the period of a single day in each of the world's ecoregions. At the end of each day, the system...

Trade reforms in transition economies are analyzed in a model of trade and vertical product differentiation. We first show that trade liberalization in transition economies reduces the local firm s output and raises the prices of all variants. Second, we find that neither free trade nor the...

Trade policy and quality leadership in transition economies are analyzed in a duopoly model of trade and vertical product differentiation. We first show that the incidence of trade liberalization is sensitive to whether firms in transition economies are producers of low or high quality. Second,...

Trade reforms in transition economies are analyzed in a model of trade and vertical product differentiation. We first show that trade liberalization in transition economies reduces the local firm's output and raises the prices of all variants. Second, we find that neither free trade nor the...