Parents with higher education levels have children with higher education levels. However, is this because parental … education actually changes the outcomes of children, suggesting an important spillover of education policies, or is it merely … that more able individuals who have higher education also have more able children? This paper proposes to answer this …

by the reform significantly increased their education and experienced higher labor income. Our main result is that the …. These results are not driven by the direct impact of education and are not explained by higher turnout, or greater attention …