This study examined six ethical issues that were included in the World Values Surveys. Participants consisted of 252 business students at a German university who were asked to determine the justifiability of six acts using a ten-point Likert scale. The survey found that there was more...

Numerous articles have been written on economic sanctions over the past few decades. Most papers take an overall approach, focusing on the utilities and dis-utilities of sanctions in general or on a specific sanction. While this paper also looks at general aspects of sanctions, it goes beyond...

The vast majority of the books and articles that have been written over the past few centuries about trade policy in general and protectionism in particular have been written from a utilitarian perspective. Indeed, it would only be a slight overstatement to say that the only works written about...

This study focuses on the economic, ethical and cultural effects of international outsourcing, particularly in India. Outsourcing has been castigated in the press for being a domestic job killer in the US. But such a conclusion is one-sided because it only looks at the job-loss side of the coin....

The Ethics of Bribery: An Introduction -- Religious Attitudes toward Bribery: A Comparative Study -- Christian Attitudes toward Bribery -- Muslim Attitudes toward Bribery -- "Atheist Attitudes toward Bribery" -- Hindu Attitudes toward Bribery -- Jewish Attitudes toward Bribery -- Buddhist...

Earmarking taxes - setting funds aside for special purposes - has its advantages and disadvantages. The literature focuses almost exclusively on technical aspects of earmarking. Practically nothing has been written about the ethical aspects of earmarking. This article explores some of the...

This article examines economic sanctions from an ethical perspective. Utilitarian ethics and rights theory are applied to economic sanctions in general. Special attention is paid to the economic sanctions imposed against Iraq and Cuba. The conclusion is that economic sanctions are very difficult...

Economic sanctions are intended to cause pain to the target country or, in the case of smart sanctions, to particular individuals or groups. Over the years, two basic views have emerged on the ethics of employing economic sanctions. One view applies utilitarian ethics to justify sanctions while...

This paper examines ethics in international trade from several different ethical perspectives, including consequentialism, utilitarianism, virtue ethics and deontology. The views of Aristotle, Plato, Adam Smith, Bentham, Kant, Pareto, Rawls, Flew, Nozick, Bastiat and others are discussed and...