that firms that both export and import are the most productive, followed by importing-, exporting-only firms and non … exports and the initial condition status is also only relevant for the import side. Similar outcomes are obtained for the …

simultaneously import intermediate inputs and export (vertically specialized firms à la Hummels et al., The nature and growth of …The aim of this paper is to investigate whether the probability of ceasing to export is lower for firms that … sourcing inputs from abroad on export exit is significantly different for large and small firms, playing a role in continuing …

confirms that using openness and imports indexes to proxy for trade yields more robust results compared to the use of export …

This paper aims to examine the effect of reducing the import tariffs of trading partners on total and individual … Balkans, the reduction of import simple average tariff rate (SAT) and weighted average tariff (WAT) rate have a positive …

This study investigates the evolution of the import content of production and exports in Turkey for the 2002 … production and imported input use for 20 sectors, mainly from the manufacturing industry. We calculate import requirement ratios …, comprising both direct and indirect effects, for each sector using the Leontief inverse matrix. Our findings indicate that import …