.S. employers to estimate the effects of financial access on employment growth. Our methods combine regressions with matching on … firm age, size, industry, year, and employment history, and with instrumental variables capturing ease of access to SBA … constraints impede small business growth prior to loan receipt. We also investigate the variation in estimated employment effects …

employment, wages, and productivity. Evidence generally shows these forces to be offsetting, usually resulting in small … employment and earnings effects and sometimes in large, positive effects on productivity and scale. Foreign ownership usually has …

employment, wages, and productivity. Evidence generally shows these forces to be offsetting, usually resulting in small … employment and earnings effects and sometimes in large, positive effects on productivity and scale. Foreign ownership usually has …

We analyze the effects of privatization on firm-level wages and employment in four transition economies. Contrary to … negative effect in Russia, and they provide some evidence of positive foreign effects on both wages and employment in all four … countries. The negligible employment impact of domestic privatization results from effects on efficiency and scale that are …

This paper looks behind the standard, publicly available employment and unemployment statistics that studies of … estimates show that measured employment and unemployment rates are quite sensitive to definition, particularly in the treatment … official definitions in apparently minor ways can produce alternative employment rates that are sharply higher in Russia but …

.S. employers to estimate the effects of financial access on employment growth. Our methods combine regressions with matching on … firm age, size, industry, year, and employment history, and with instrumental variables capturing ease of access to SBA … constraints impede small business growth prior to loan receipt. We also investigate the variation in estimated employment effects …

employment, wages, and productivity. Evidence generally shows these forces to be offsetting, usually resulting in small … employment and earnings effects and sometimes in large, positive effects on productivity and scale. Foreign ownership usually has …

employment, wages, and productivity. Evidence generally shows these forces to be offsetting, usually resulting in small … employment and earnings effects and sometimes in large, positive effects on productivity and scale. Foreign ownership usually has …

that the largest 5% account for over half of cohort employment at firm birth and more than two-thirds at firm age 7. Little …