We study how short selling affects corporate tax avoidance. By exploiting staggered short-sale deregulation on the Chinese stock market as a source of variation in market pressure and monitoring, our difference-in-differences estimates show that the introduction of a short-selling scheme...

A new economic revolution liberating financial markets? Seeks to answer some of the questions driving the existential crisis embroiling finance: What is currency? What is value? What is a business? What is a bank, even?This article discusses how regulatory reform, transformative technologies,...

We examine the impact of liberalization, energy efficiency, renewable energy, and security of supply legislations on the risk-return profiles of European energy utilities over the period 1996 to 2013. Results show that, after controlling for equity market and commodity risk factors, the EU...

The European Union's (EU) energy sector is changing due to major policy reforms. In this article, we examine the impact of major legislative changes which were designed to induce competition in the energy sector: the three liberalization packages. Competition was expected to benefit the industry...

Evidence shows that the economic assumption of efficient “free markets”—which underpins the “market versus state” debate—is questionable. Market efficiency is a significant foundation theory for neoliberal economists. Prove it wrong, and the neoliberals’ philosophy of market based...