To meet the Paris climate goals, we need serious environmental and energy transitions. Financing those transitions will require both the financial and the public sector to transcend business-as-usual and take on new roles and structures in this system change. Current financial practice lacks the...

While there is increasing interest in decarbonising or greening monetary policy, central banks are keen to maintain market neutrality. But there is evidence that the market has a bias towards carbon-intensive companies. The paper develops a method to tilt the ECB's asset and collateral framework...

Central banks have already started to look at climate-related risks in the context of financial stability. Should they also take the carbon intensity of assets into account in the context of monetary policy? The guiding principle in the implementation of monetary policy has been ‘market...