"In this paper we provide some evidence on when central banks have shifted from expansionary to contractionary monetary policy after a recession has ended-the exit strategy. We examine the relationship between the timing of changes in several instruments of monetary policy and the timing of...

The dollar’s depreciation during the early floating rate period, 1973–1981, was a symptom of the Great Inflation. In that environment, sterilized foreign exchange interventions were ineffective in halting the dollar’s decline, but they showed a limited ability to smooth dollar movements....

"By the early 1960s, outstanding U.S. dollar liabilities began to exceed the U.S. gold stock, suggesting that the United States could not completely maintain its pledge to convert dollars into gold at the official price. This raised uncertainty about the Bretton Woods parity grid, and...