The population and society of Sado Island are declining at an alarmingrate. Much of this decline has been due to endemic outward migration of the island’syounger people to Japan’s large urban areas in search of opportunities fortertiary education and salaried employment. Even though...

In light of widespread concerns about the reliability of self-reported disability, we investigate what can be learned about the prevalence of work disability under various assumptions on the reporting error process. Developing a nonparametric bounding framework, we provide tight inferences under...

In 1996, Congress passed the Personal Responsibility andWork Opportunity Reconciliation Act, or PRWORA, whichsubstantially restructured public assistance programs.PRWORA gave states almost entire discretion to design andoperate cash assistance programs for families with children,reducing the...

[...]One of the primary goals of TANF is to move welfarerecipients into work and economic self-sufficiency. Althoughstates were given much flexibility in how to achieve this goal, thefederal government imposed some guidelines in the form ofrequirements that welfare recipients be participating in...

In 2000, the Lisbon Agenda set out an ambitious plan to make the EuropeanUnion “the most dynamic and competitive knowledge-based economy inthe world”. The Agenda suggested a need for action on three broad fronts:the first explicitly macroeconomic; the second explicitly microeconomic;the third...

The paper explores the link between international economic integration and technological capability in colonial India. The example of iron industry shows that many new ideas and skills flowed into India from Europe, but not all met with commercial success. The essay suggests that in those fields...

In this paper, we open up the black box that has been the introduction of open practices into firms’ commercial R&D strategies. Most of the existing research on the phenomenon of open innovation focuses on its interorganizational aspects. In contrast, the effect that the opening of boundaries...

The link between firms engaging in open source software (OSS) development and the OSScommunity is established by individual developers. This linkage might entail a principalagentissue due to the developer’s double allegiance to firm and OSS community, and exposethe firm to the risk of losing...

This paper is a revised version of an Economic History thesis submitted to the London School of Economics in September 2000.The main text assumes analytical rather than chronological form, and, to avoid breaking the flow of the argument, it refers to persons, Labour Party structures and...