a certain level of development has been reached. We therefore distinguish between the OECD, Europe and Islamic countries …

The main objective of this paper is to empirically investigate the socio-economic causes of terrorism and political … violence in a sample of 12 countries in Western Europe. Results are mixed. First, we show that in western European countries …

We study the influence of income inequality on terrorism. Using cross-national data for 79 countries for the 2002 … of terrorism. Once endogeneity is properly accounted for by means of an instrumental-variable approach, higher levels of … terrorism is consistent with relative deprivation theory which argues that conflict results from frustration over the actual …

This contribution examines the role of capitalism in anti-American terrorism. Using data for 149 countries between 1970 …-American terrorism increases with external economic liberalization or decreases with higher levels of economic openness. However …, consistent with economic norms theory, higher levels of market-capitalism are associated with less anti-American terrorism …

We examine the role of market-capitalism in anti-American terrorism, differentiating between level- and rate …-peace literature - coincide with less anti-American terrorism, while the marketization process has inflammatory effects on anti …-American terrorism. These findings are further corroborated by system-level time-series evidence. We argue that a higher level of market …