India has a sizeable telecom equipment manufacturing industry. The industry, which was originally dominated by just one state-owned corporation, has now been deregulated. Currently the industry consist of twelve SMEs, which manufacture small and medium switches and seven large firms (of which...

This paper argues that there is increasing need for the integration of policy considerations in the formulation of research questions and in the development of analytical work in policy-oriented innovation studies. Despite the fact that Evolutionary and Innovation Studies theories have offered...

South Africa used to follow a policy of import substitution, necessitated by subscription to apartheid. However, following the democratic elections of 1994, the country abandoned this policy and put in place a whole host of measures to increase its industrial competitiveness. Policy makers gave...

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the various ways in which the Israeli Government is supporting R&D in industry and draw some lessons from this experience for Developing Countries. The Israeli experience is rather unique in the sense that it uses mainly one financial instrument, namely...

The purpose of the paper is to analyse the role of the Indian state in promoting innovations in enterprise or manufacturing sector. The country's manufacturing sector is dominated by the Chemicals and pharmaceutical sector which also accounts for the largest share in R&D investments and in the...

This paper examines institutions and their role in supporting technical change as part of the development process, and asks how institutions shape the system of innovation (SI). The context of underdevelopment exhibits distinct system characteristics that differ markedly from those found under...

The purpose of this paper is to survey the various ways through which the Brazilian state has intervened in the area of technology development at the enterprise level. Government intervention in technology development has manifested itself in terms of four areas: First it had placed restrictions...

In this paper we review major theoretical (neoclassical economics, evolutionary, systemic and knowledge-based) insights about innovation and we analyse their implications for the characteristics of contemporary innovation policy and instruments. We show that the perspectives complement each...

Over the past decades, economic and innovation policy across Europe moved in the direction of creating regional clusters of related firms and institutions. Creating clusters through public policy is risky, complex and costly, however. Moreover, it is not necessary to rely on clusters to...