introduction of the euro. Using data for bond yield spreads relative to an appropriate benchmark, for the period 1991-2005, we find … the introduction of the euro and are more likely to be interpreted as liquidity premiums. We also estimate empirical …

exchange rate models for the synthetic euro. Using the same data set, variable definitions and sample period offers the … ECB's small-sized euro area wide macro-economic model. In this order the approaches feature an increasing degree of … results confirm the high likelihood for the euro having been undervalued in Q4 2000, while stressing the significant empirical …