In the postwar period, when fertility dropped substantially, immigration more than made up for the drop in population … growth, and from 1950 to 2020, population increased by 73%, double the European rate, in a country with population density … already among the highest in Europe. Yet, there never has been a serious population policy, and in fact, central spatial …

The Netherlands is an example of a highly institutionalized labor market that places considerable attention on equity … growing population share of immigrants and their children. The most notable developments since 2001 are the significant rise …