"The German dual apprenticeship system has come under pressure in recent years because enterprises have not been willing to provide a sufficient number of apprenticeship positions. An argument that is frequently put forward is that the gap could be closed if more firms were willing to incur net...

"The Establishment History Panel (BHP) for 1975 to 2006 includes all of the establishments throughout Germany which have at least one employee liable to social security as of the 30th of June of a given year or which have also had at least one marginal part-time employee as of 1999. For...

"The Establishment History Panel (BHP) for 1975 to 2005 includes all of the establishments throughout Germany which have at least one employee liable to social security as of the 30th of June of a given year or which have also had at least one marginal part-time employee as of 1999. For...

"The article deals with the impact of uncertainty as regards the retention of trainees completing vocational training programmes on firms' training behaviour. As an alternative to vocational training, the external recruitment of skilled workers is considered via an opportunity costs approach....