EU countries are complementary to Russia on the Chinese market. However, Chinese exports are increasingly relevant … substitutes for EU exports on the Russian market. This means that an increase in China-Russia economic cooperation should have a … eliminated, which is found to reduce EU exports to Russia. Finally, a more granular approach to the question analyses which …

without first establishing a new post-Brexit partnership with the EU. Negotiating tariffs with other WTO members will be a pre …-condition if the UK exits the EU customs union, and this process will require time and effort. 2.Even if the UK reaches an … agreement with China, the UK cannot serve as a back door for Chinese products to enter the EU, because the EU is very likely use …

in relative exporting prices). Our results show that the degree of competition between China and the EU in Latin America … has increased over time. Before 2007, China and the EU competed less with each other, partly reflecting the fact that …, reflecting China’s ascent up the value-added chain. We also look at competition between China and the EU in the key EU sectors …

agreeing a bilateral investment agreement (BIT). Given the benefits that both China and EU could obtain from a BIT, the … also offer a checklist of issues for EU-China investment talks in relation to Chinese SOEs. First, creating barriers to …

be, a major trade and investment partner for EU countries. In this context, it seems clear that regardless of the … direction of the United States-China relationship, the EU needs to explore options for fruitful co-existence with China. Trade … continues to be the least problematic aspect of the EU-China economic relationship, although challenges need to be dealt with in …

-led trade war against China and its immediate consequences for China, the US and the EU. Although protectionism can never be … concentrated in sectors that are also key for the EU’s exports to China, with the exception of energy and agricultural products … for the US but also for the EU and the rest of the world. Against this background, this paper reviews the EU’s options in …

, the EU should find it easier than China to upgrade its chips industry but, given the costs, focusing on the highest …