Over the last 15 years, Portugal and the United States have had the same average unemployment rate, about 6.5%. But … behind these similar rates hide two very different labor markets. Unemployment duration in Portugal is more than three times … that of the United States. Symmetrically, the flow of workers into unemployment in Portugal is, in proportion to the labor …

Over the last 15 years, Portugal and the United States have had the same average unemployment rate, about 6.5%. But … behind these similar rates hide two very different labor markets. Unemployment duration in Portugal is more than three times … that of the United States. Symmetrically, the flow of workers into unemployment in Portugal is, in proportion to the labor …

linked fields. Our analysis uses 1.8 million U.S. patents and their citation properties to map the innovation network and its … strength. Past innovation network structures are calculated using citation patterns across technology classes during 1975 … predictive power on future innovation after 1995. This pattern is consistent with the idea that when there is more past upstream …