characteristics of European inventors, the sources of their knowledge, the importance of formal and informal collaborations, the …

linked fields. Our analysis uses 1.8 million U.S. patents and their citation properties to map the innovation network and its … strength. Past innovation network structures are calculated using citation patterns across technology classes during 1975 … predictive power on future innovation after 1995. This pattern is consistent with the idea that when there is more past upstream …

This paper provides new information, not available from other sources, on the characteristics ofthe innovation process …